Scientific Misconduct

The term "research misconduct" refers to fabrication, falsification, citation manipulation, or plagiarism in the conceptualization, execution, or evaluation of research, as well as in the composition of manuscripts or the reporting of research findings. The Editorial Team is obligated to uphold the veracity and integrity of the scholarly record. In instances where authors are involved in research misconduct or other significant publication anomalies, the editors must take appropriate action to safeguard the journal's scientific standards.

The Editorial Board follows best practices to address complaints and ensures a fair investigation into allegations of misconduct. Manuscripts found to contain evidence of such unethical behavior will be summarily rejected. If misconduct is identified in an article that has already been published, a formal retraction notice will be issued and linked to the original publication.

Retraction Policy

A published scientific manuscript will be considered for retraction under the following circumstances:

1. Unreliable Findings: There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, whether due to intentional misconduct (e.g., data fabrication) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental flaws).

2. Redundant Publication: The findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justifiable cause (i.e., cases of redundant or overlapping publication).

3. Plagiarism: There are significant indications of plagiarism within the work.

4. Unethical Research: The manuscript reports on research that fails to meet established ethical standards.